History of Indian Constitution Essay

5 Differences Between Spanish and English Object Pronouns

5 Differences Between Spanish and English Object Pronouns Since both are Indo-European dialects, the punctuations of Spanish and English are very comparable. All things considered, syntactic contrasts between the two dialects flourish. Among them is the way that object pronouns are dealt with. Here are five different ways that Spanish arrangements with object pronouns in manners that probably won't appear to be natural to English speakers: Direct versus Backhanded Pronouns As an outsider looking in, Spanish recognizes immediate and circuitous article pronouns. The English third-individual item pronouns are him, her and it in the particular and them in the plural, and similar words are utilized whether the article is immediate or circuitous. (In the least complex sense, despite the fact that the qualifications dont consistently line up in the two dialects, an immediate article is one that is followed up on by an action word, while a backhanded item is one influenced by an action words activity despite the fact that the activity is aimed at some other person or thing.) But in standard Spanish (special cases are clarified in our exercise on leã ­smo), the pronouns are recognized this way: Solitary direct articles: lo (manly), la (feminine).Plural direct item: los (manly), las (feminine).Singular aberrant article: le.Plural roundabout item: les. So while the basic English sentences I discovered her and I sent her a letter utilize a similar pronoun her, a qualification is made in Spanish. The primary sentence would be La encontrã ©, where la is an immediate item, while the second would be Le mandã © una carta with le being the roundabout article. (Letter or carta is the immediate article.) Appending Pronouns to Verbs In Spanish, object pronouns can be appended to certain action words. The pronouns can be connected to three action word structures: infinitives, ing words and certifiable orders. The pronoun is composed as a component of the action word, and some of the time a composed complement is expected to keep up the right elocution. Here is a case of every one of the action word types with a connected pronoun: Infinitive: Voy an amarte por siempre. (Im going to adore you forever.)Gerund: Seguã ­an mirndonos. (They continued taking a gander at us.)Command: Â ¡Cllate! (You shut up!) Various Distinctions The differentiation among immediate and backhanded items is distinctive in the two dialects. Observing which action words require the utilization of le or les would be past the extent of this exercise. In any case, it very well may be said that numerous Spanish action words utilize the aberrant article pronoun where the pronoun in English would be seen as an immediate item. For instance, in the sentence Le pidieron su direcciã ³n (They approached him for his location), le is an aberrant article. Be that as it may, in English, him would be seen as an immediate item since he was the person who was inquired. The equivalent is valid in Le pegã ³ en la cabeza (They hit him in the head). Utilizing Pronouns Redundantly It is regular in Spanish to utilize an article pronoun in any event, when the thing spoke to by the pronoun is expressly expressed. Such a repetitive utilization of the pronoun regularly happens when the item is named and shows up before the action word: A Chrisâ le gusta escuchar mã ºsica. (Chris likes tuning in to music. See more in the exercise on gustar.)Toda la ropa la tenemos en descuento. (We have all the apparel at a bargain.) Note that the repetitive pronoun isnt meant English. The pronoun likewise is utilized repetitively now and again to include accentuation, or regularly in light of the fact that that is the thing that sounds right to local speakers regardless of whether such use isnt required: Lo conocemos bien an este seã ±or. (We know this man well.)Le dieron un regalo a la niã ±a. (They gave a present to the young lady.) Utilizing Pronouns Alone Instead of In Phrases Spanish in some cases utilizes a roundabout article pronoun where English would utilize an expression. In English we regularly demonstrate who or what was influenced by an action words activity with expressions, for example, for me or to him. In Spanish, it may not be important to make an expression. The situation where doing so sounds most new might be with the action word ser (to be). For instance, in Spanish you could state No me es posible for It isn't workable for me. However, comparative developments are conceivable with different action words too. For instance, Le robaron el dinero implies They took the cash from him or They took the cash from her.

Facts About Sexual Abuse Among Siblings

Facts About Sexual Abuse Among Siblings Relationships Violence and Abuse Print Sibling Sexual Abuse Facts Parents Should Know By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Aron Janssen, MD on November 27, 2019 linkedin Aron Janssen, MD is board certified in child, adolescent, and adult psychiatry and is the vice chair of child and adolescent psychiatry Northwestern University.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Aron Janssen, MD Updated on January 19, 2020 Elke Meitzel / Cultura / Getty Images More in Relationships Violence and Abuse Spouses & Partners LGBTQ Sibling sexual abuse is one of the most closely-guarded secrets in the area of family violence. No one wants to believe that brothers and sisters are capable of abusing one another. They want to explain away the abuse as normal childhood curiosity. But its not. It is a violent form of control that leaves victims feeling frightened and alone. Unfortunately, sexual abuse among siblings is much more common than most people know. In fact, kids are more likely to be sexually abused by their siblings than they are by their parents. Its also not limited to certain types of familiesâ€"it occurs in many different kinds of households. Additionally, sexual abuse among siblings can go on for a long time before parents are made aware of the issue. And sadly, many parents don’t take appropriate action when they do find out about it. Here are seven facts about sexual abuse among siblings that all parents should know. Juveniles Are Frequent Offenders When people hear the term “sex offender,” they may picture an adult. But more than one-third of sex offenses against children are committed by other minors, according to the U.S. Department of Justice.?? Easy access to siblings makes it more likely that an underage offender will choose someone within the household. Parents Doubt Victims When the Perpetrator Is a Minor Unfortunately, many children who reveal that they are being sexually abused by a sibling aren’t believed by the parents. A 2012 study published in the Journal of Interpersonal Violence found that parents were much more likely to blame their child for the abuse or doubt the story altogether when the perpetrator was a minor.?? It can be especially hard for parents to believe that the perpetrator is their own child. Most Offenders Are in Mid-Adolescence The average age of a juvenile sex offender is 15 years old. Most registered sex offenders carry out their first offense before age of 18.?? But as many as 1 in 8 juvenile offenders are under the age of 12. Males Are More Likely to Commit Sexual Assault Of all the juvenile sex offenses, only about 7% are committed by females. When females do commit sex offenses, they are much more likely to victimize family members. It’s important to remember that perpetrators sometimes choose same-sex siblings as well. Sexual Abuse Among Siblings Is Underreported Sibling sexual abuse is hidden and greatly underreported to authorities. Abused siblings often dont disclose being abused because they are afraid. They are afraid of the perpetrator. They are afraid of not being believed; and they are afraid of upsetting their parents. They also may be confused and worried that they are to blame. Yet, the rate at which children are being abused by their siblings is significantly higher than the rate at which children are being abused by adult family members. For instance, a 2002 study by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services found that at least 2.3% of children have been victimized by a sibling while only about 0.12% are abused by an adult family member.?? Research also suggests that sexualized behavior by perpetrators is likely to become more intrusive over time. Consequently, sibling offenders tend to commit more sex crimes over time if they don’t receive treatment. Sibling Abuse Can Lead to Long-Term Consequences Just like other forms of childhood trauma, sexual abuse by a sibling can have long-lasting effects on a victim. Survivors of sexual abuse may feel like they were to blame. They also may convince themselves they were a co-conspirator, rather than a victim. There’s also a deep sense of shame that occurs when the perpetrator was a family member. Sometimes survivors experience sexual dysfunction, mental health problems, or PTSD as a result of the abuse. Unfortunately, due to the nature of sibling abuse, the sense of powerlessness can be more pervasive compared to sexual abuse perpetrated by others. Adult survivors sometimes experience ongoing relationship problems as a result. Parents Need to Aware of Sibling Abuse Educate yourself about the risk factors of sibling sexual abuse and take appropriate steps to prevent inappropriate sexual contact. If you suspect sexual abuse is going on in your home, it’s important to seek professional treatment for both the perpetrator and the victim. Specialized services are necessary to ensure safety and to prevent further incidents of unwanted sexual contact. A Word From Verywell Although it is difficult for parents to wrap their heads around the fact that one of their children could be abusing the other, this situation is not something that should ever be ignored. Sexual abuse is a crime. Both the victim and the perpetrator need your attention. Perpetrators need to be held accountable for their actions, and they also need treatment to ensure that they do not harm any other children. Meanwhile, victims need to be believed, supported, and protected. Reporting the abuse is the first step in doing that, but they will need ongoing treatment and love to heal from the effects of being abused by someone who was supposed to love them.

Petroleum and Uranium Extraction Hydraulic Fracturing

Since its use on the massive scale in 2003, hydraulic fracturing has become a very controversial topic. This process, also known as â€Å"fracking†, is a means obtaining deep deposits of petroleum, and uranium-bearing solution but most notably natural gas. This is achieved through drilling long horizontal shafts down to various rock formations, and pumping highly pressurized water, chemicals, or sand slurry into the well, fracturing the surrounding rock, and letting the desired resources flow freely. Many experts attest to the fact that fracking is a safe alternative to oil, with an abundance that will alleviate the stress on the US economy and lift its independence on the global oil market. However true these statements may be, the fact that oil companies careless practices, combined with unknown risks and the fact that natural gas will just offset the need for power, makes it dangerous, and an unfit replacement for oil. Without proper regulation, research, and precautions, hydraulic fracturing should be banned not only due to its harmful nature, but the tendency for leaks, and no long term economic benefits. Shale gas procured from fracking is directly below ground water deposits (aquifers). Those supporting fracking claim that, simply due to geology, it is impossible for a crack thousand of feet below a aquifer to spread all the way up and contaminate it with hydraulic fluids or gas. This is true, not only on the geological lever, but due to the fact that the fluid that couldShow MoreRelatedOil And Gas Industry : A Canadian Necessity2858 Words   |  12 Pagesalternatives. Without the oil and gas industry the federal government of Canada would be required to rework its’ equalization plan, and all Canadians as a result would see a decrease in economic prosperity even in regions not directly tied to the extraction of non-renewable natural resources. The cost-benefit of the oil and gas industry as it presently stands is beneficial to the majority of Canadians. A reversal on the dependence on oil in Canada is possible, but unrealistic. The environmental impactsRead MoreThe History Of Colorado919 Words   |  4 PagesColorado. Ranking sixth in the U.S in terms of natural gas production and seventh in crude oil (Ross, 2015). The presence of shale gas has been around for decades but substantial financial costs and technological difficulties combined with its extraction have been considered uneconomical up until recently. Lagging supply and increased demand has caused the price of gas to skyrocket, presenting shale gas as a viable alternative (Hester, 2014). While the cost of fracking has decreased and advancesRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing : Get The Fracts ! Essay2103 Words   |  9 PagesHydraulic Fracturing Pollution: Get the â€Å"Fracts†! A growing concern with meeting future resource demands has made energy a pivotal commodity in today’s global economy. The introduction of; methods that conserve exhaustible resources, as well as, the use of renewable resources, have sought to solve the impending energy crisis. In recent years, one technological advancement that has been beneficial in the search for an alternative a renewable energy source is, Hydraulic fracturing or â€Å"fracking†. HydraulicRead MoreEssay on Nuclear Energy as an Alternative for Fossil Fuels2822 Words   |  12 Pagesseek out fossil fuels in an unprecedented way. For instances, recently the U.S has went to hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) states in their article Natural Gas Extraction- Hydraulic Fracturing, The U.S. has vast reserves of natural gas that are commercially viable as a result of advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies enab ling greater access to gas in shale formations. (EPA) Fossil fuels suchRead MoreShells Alternative Business Models: Fracking2361 Words   |  10 PagesCarlos Moura EGS Individual Assignment Shell’s Alternative Business Models: Hydraulic Fracturing Table of Contents 1. Forward 2 2. Context 3 3. Hydraulic Fracturing 4 4. Actors 4.1. Shell 5 . 4.2. Community 6 4.3. Government 7 5. The opponents perspective 7 6. Conclusion 9 7. References 10 Word count: 1980 (excluding Table of Contents and References) 1. Forward

A Brief Note On The State Of Florida - 1305 Words

Okaloosa County is made up of 930 square miles of land and 152 square miles of water and the county stretches from the Alabama border in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south. The county is home to over 198,664 citizens and serves approximately 30,000 students. Okaloosa County School District, OCSD, just celebrated their 100th year! Founded in 1915, Okaloosa County School District is currently comprised of thirty-three public schools. OCSD includes two K-12 schools, one K-8 school, a performing arts academy in cooperation with the Northwest Florida Ballet, a school with two locations for severely cognitively disabled students, an alternative education high school, a pre-K center, and two charter schools, one of which is a dual enrollment collegiate school in conjunction with Northwest Florida State College. In 2012, Okaloosa County opened the first STEMM Middle School Academy in the State of Florida. The school focuses on the intensive studies in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medical Sciences which are important on a state-wide basis. Okaloosa students are among the highest academically performing students in the state as measured by annual FCAT results. The student population of the Okaloosa County School District is a diverse group representing many different ethnic and cultural groups, socio-economic levels, and stages of academic achievement. The county has an estimated population of 81% Caucasian, 10% African-American, 0.7% NativeShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Country Of Miami, Florida Of The United States Of America1373 Words   |  6 PagesAM Announces 9/6/2015 @ 9:52:25 PM Applyinq 7/22/2015 @ 12:13:57 PM Wettty 6/20/2015 @ 9:10:34 PM iPingGod 5/11/2015 @ 3:52:52 PM NodusTheHax 4/2/2015 @ 8:59:09 PM thekillinglizard Age: 15 Timezone + Country: I currently live in Miami, Florida of the United States of America and my timezone is EST or Eastern timezone. Previous bans (Don t lie): No I ve never been punished on Oxpvp... not even back on SimplyHCF which is quiet odd but yeah I m a very respectful, honest and loyal player. 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Great African Culture Free Essays

The Great African culture is the result of the influences of the African kingdoms and city states which thrived and prospered between 1200 and 1500 CE. In addition to this, the forces of cultural diffusion as well as trade had influenced and changed these African civilizations. The ruling Kingdom of Songhai, due to the influence of the Arab culture and trading system, was replaced by the Mali. We will write a custom essay sample on Great African Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now This new power in Western Africa influenced and expanded the ruling class, culture, society and its people. On the other hand, through extensive trade contacts, Islamic traditions and customs were brought to East Africa. Consequently, this had a huge influence on the culture and politics in Swahili city-states. On the other hand, the Great Zimbabwe was able to deter the influence of Islamic cultural diffusion and other cultures despite having trading contacts from the Middle East, India and China. This is due to the obstacles created by its natural geographic location. While Kongo in West Africa continued to trade slaves, goods in return for weapons from the Portuguese merchants, ultimately leading to a change in religion (towards Christianity). In 1500, the power of several African societies was reduced because of the expansion of slave trading in the region. Generally, through trade, the African societies transact all the activities related to production and the reproduction of human life in its culture. Culture is consists of all that members of a society do. It is also passed on from one generation to another. Trade and development eventually must be understood or recognized as a cultural process, wherein culture is identified to encompass the social, economic, religious, political and other areas of social life and activity. In the African situation, conceivably greater than any other area of the world, culture as an incremental, as an inheritance and constructional basis of life and society, had a propensity to be forsaken in favor of unsystematic mimicry and cheap imitation of Western practices. The consequence of this is failure during most of the post-independence period to crucially or â€Å"significantly improve the quality of life of the majority of people in the continent† (Ukaga and Afoaku, 2005). Accordingly, modern Africa is still one of the poorest regions of the world regardless of its vast endowments of natural and human resources. References Ukaga, O., Afoaku, O. G. (2005). Sustainable Development in Africa: A Multifaceted Challenge. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. How to cite Great African Culture, Papers

Thomas Hardy and Penelope Lively Essay Example

Thomas Hardy and Penelope Lively Paper You could get people wrong, Sandra realises in The Darkness Out There. Assess how effectively Thomas Hardy and Penelope Lively explore this theme in their characterisation techniques. The Withered Arm and The Darkness Out There are two different stories with a common theme. Both include main characters that change even though they are from different centuries and backgrounds. The Darkness Out There is told through the eyes of Sandra, a girl going to help at the home of Mrs Rutter. Her views and ideas are immature and undeveloped, she only sees the surface of things and is quite naive. Towards the end of the story she realises these views are not realistic and her opinions change. One of the best ways to learn about a character is found in the way they live. Mrs Rutters environment gives the overriding impression of a harmless old lady. Her house is homely, filled with china ornaments of safe, nice characters like big flop-eared rabbits and beribboned kittens. There are numerous mentions of flowers, which she likes, for example She brought out a flowered tin Look at the little cornflowers. And the daisies. These features are typical of a stereotyped old lady, who is deemed safe and trusted. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Hardy and Penelope Lively specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Hardy and Penelope Lively specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Hardy and Penelope Lively specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, in amongst the safe, innocent atmosphere, Penelope Lively briefly mentions there was a smell of cabbage, which hints there may be something more dark and sinister about the place. In the earlier stages of the story, Lively depicts Mrs Rutter as a generous, welcoming sweet old woman. As Sandra and Kerry arrive at her house she offers them tea and puts them to work in a friendly way without ordering I daresay youd like to She affectionately calls one of them, my duck. This is a very conventional way of showing her outside, explicit character. Mrs Rutter has a suspiciously inquisitive nature. We can tell this because she asks both Sandra and Kerry a lot of questions about themselves, for example Still at school, are you? I expect youve got lots of boyfriends, though, havent you? This factor could just mean she is politely interested, but she asks too many quite personal questions and seems quite lonely. It appears she has not had children of her own here, as she strongly stereotypes both Kerry and Sandra. She sends Kerry outside to work quite early on I expect youre a nice strong boy, arent you?- to enable her to chat to Sandra, who does traditionally female jobs such as cleaning and dusting. Whilst chatting to Sandra, she appears quite lonely as she asks a lot of questions and makes personal remarks. As when describing her environment, Lively inserts one slightly disconcerting point to Mrs Rutters speech and actions Mind your pretty skirt, pull it up a bit, theres only me to see if youre showing a bit of bum. Although this could be a harmless comment, it is rather full on to say it to a stranger. Lively also describes Mrs Rutters darting eyes. Some of her comments embarrass or maybe worry Sandra. This is all part of the way Lively gradually reveals parts of the darker side of Mrs Rutter. During the latter stages of the story, Lively reveals more about Mrs Rutter as she allows her to speak for herself. It should be noted that the character is more honest about herself when under pressure, as most people are. The stress of talking about her husband and reliving the trauma of the war make her less on-guard and more liable to say what she really thinks, without dulling it down for the sake of Sandra and Kerry. The second half of the story backs up the negative aspects found in the first half. The sinister, mean woman was there all along, one realises at the end, but this was very implicit whereas it is shown more obviously in the second half where Mrs Rutter tells her story. Lively has thought about the different mentality of the war years from when the story was written so Mrs Rutter is not entirely blamed for being bitter about the Germans during the war, yet it is realised as unacceptable to leave one to die. There is also the minor point about her husband being killed early on in the war, which would leave someone with a lot more hatred towards the country. Lively also writes about Mrs Rutter having a lot of old things in her house The walls were cluttered with old calendars and pictures torn from magazines. She has shown the character doesnt like to move on and is living in the past, which explains why she feels no remorse for what she did to the German and also why she stereotyped Kerry and Sandra. Penelope Livelys use of figurative language helps characterise Mrs Rutter from the moment she enters the story. She seemed composed of circles, a cottage loaf of a woman. Whilst explicitly stating she is fat, the cottage loaf metaphor depicts a homely, traditional woman which is greatly reflected in what she says and does in the first half of the story. Chins collapsed one into another, This explicitly reflects on her size, yet hints implicitly that as she has many chins it could also mean she has many sides to her personality. The writer again in this paragraph inserts a negative point in amongst many positive, stating, her eyes snapped and darted, as if the character was suspicious. The description of her eyes appears again later in the text Her eyes investigated, quick as mice. Mice also came up later on, the cupboard smelled of damp and mouse. The ongoing simile of the mouse shows she is alert and investigative. Lively made the connection between the mouse and Mrs Rutters actions but added strong contrast to her appearance, making Mrs Rutter mouse-like in character but the opposite in physique. This is to prevent too many connections being made with such a timid creature before finding out what she is really like. Only when Lively allows Mrs Rutter to speak for herself fully in the second half does her true character show. The Withered Arm by Thomas Hardy is another story in which characters can be misjudged. One of these characters is Farmer Lodge, a yeoman farmer from a rural village in 19th Century England. As in The Darkness Out There, Hardy uses environment effectively to convey aspects of Farmer Lodges character. It plays a bigger part in outlining Farmer Lodge than in the previous story, because there was more social order at the time The Withered Arm was written. Knowing the fact that Farmer Lodge was very near the top of the social hierarchy, certainly above dairymen and other peasants, Hardy clearly enforces his higher status with the way he acts and others act around him. Farmer Lodge obviously knows he shouldnt mix with the lower classes, as this is backed up with the fact he had a son with Rhoda (a peasant) and saw it as a mistake which Rhoda and Jamie realised -What did he say or do? Just the same as usual. Took no notice of you? None. As he would have been brought up in the higher class and probably inherited his estate, he seems knowledgeable on what should and shouldnt happen in his environment. The reader can see he was right, he mixed with the lower classes and was punished with a son. Therefore he had good reason to be wary when he implied Gertrude shouldnt talk to the people of the village yet she did, and was hurt. It is possible to think most people in Farmer Lodges position would have warned their new wives off, it is an intelligent thing to do because he learnt from his mistake. Hardy uses this to implicitly give background and meaning to why Gertrude shouldnt go to the village. Hardy also conveys Farmer Lodges intelligence through his difference from the peasants. They believe in witchcraft and the powers of Conjuror Trendle, not products of a learned background, and strongly stereotype Rhoda thinking she is a witch. His new wife, Gertrude, believes the kind of things they do and Farmer Lodge, in a rather condescending fashion, is disgusted at the fact she chose to mix with them Damned if you wont poison yourself with these apothecary messes and witch mixtures some time or other. He also orders her to see a real doctor and doesnt recommend the conjuror. After setting this scene, Hardy goes against his previous comments, Gertrude commenting My husband says it is as if some witch, or the devil himself, had taken hold of me there, and blasted the flesh. If Farmer Lodge was not supposed to believe in magic it is rather confusing that he himself should suggest this. Although he doesnt show it, Farmer Lodge is probably feeling threatened that Gertrude is taking matters into her own (withered) hands. He is used to being the dominant character, in those days always the man, and having his partner do what he tell her, yet she goes against his will which was unheard of. Hardy is deliberately contrasting her strong will with his obsession with appearances, a situation guaranteed to draw the reader in expecting a great event. As his status will allow, Hardy shows Farmer Lodge realises the importance of appearances. He knows it is important to be seen with his pretty wife beside him, attending church and not sleeping around in the village. We can tell this from his new marriage, he is trying desperately to make up for his mistake with Rhoda by getting it right the second time. However, as mentioned earlier, Gertrude is a strong character and doesnt like to be drawn attention to, as was expected of her. Hardy shows she notices something of her husbands trait Men think so much of personal appearance. We can also see this part of his character in the church scene, Farmer Lodge has a designated seat for himself and one for his wife, again showing his higher status and knowledge of the fact. As in The Darkness Out There, what Farmer Lodge says and does is important in characterisation. There is also a difference in the character in each half of the story. In the first half of The Withered Arm, Farmer Lodge is put across as a stern, heartless, high status yeoman farmer who only cares for appearances. This is the opposite of Mrs Rutter, as Lively depicts her as a nice, kind old lady and Hardy shows Farmer Lodge to be harsh and uncaring. The second half of the story is also like that of The Darkness Out There, in that Farmer Lodges caring side shows through when he finally accepts responsibility for his son. In the early stages of the story Farmer Lodges aloofness shows when he advises Gertrude not to mix with the lower classes. He appears to have no apparent responsibility, however some more favourable early hints show a final good side in the end, for example I once thought of adopting a boy; but he is too old now. And he is gone away I dont know where. This suggests he was starting to accept responsibility, but still didnt. Small comments like this which go against the general theme of the story, which are not often picked up on, are featured in The Darkness Out There aswell, like the cabbage smell for example. The two writers use this technique well to convey slightly different aspects of their characters. Towards the end of The Withered Arm, Hardy conveys Farmer Lodges caring side by him setting up a reformatory for boys. He has a sympathy for boys, solely because of Jamie but perhaps because he was one. He feels sorry for Jamie, his great appearance would be dented if he had adopted as it is a bit too charitable and nice for an aloof lord. Hardy decides here that Farmer Lodge really is a genuine person, trapped in the social status that says he must be apart from everybody else and respected for his position, which also reflects the society of the times. As in real life, we learn a lot about people through how others react to them. There are two ways in which the other characters in the story react to Farmer Lodge, they refer to his role, for instance Jamie is fearful of him when he is collecting the hares and the people are deferential to his face, talking about him behind his back but leaving his place open in church. They also refer to his actual person; they discuss his business behind his back and for example Rhoda is very bitter. As is often in good stories, particularly in The Darkness Out There and The Withered Arm, the authors use of language plays a large part in their characterisation techniques. Although Penelope Lively used more figurative language in The Darkness Out There, Farmer Lodge is described with two main methods. The driver was a yeoman in the prime of life, cleanly shaven like an actor,This simple simile has more meaning than his smooth complexion. Although it merges in as a conventional introduction to the character, it implicitly suggests there may be something different about Farmer Lodge, as an actor often wears masks and pretends to be somebody else, rather like the description of Mrs Rutters face. The overriding impression is that he is not what he appears to be. The other factor in Hardys use of language is the use of imperatives by Farmer Lodge You must expect to be stared at damned if you wont poison yourself with these apothecary messes and witch mixtures some time or other. Hardy chooses his language carefully to reveal certain aspects of Farmer Lodge, the imperatives showing his high status as both a man and a yeoman and the impression of a tough, intimidating lord. These add up to a man who speaks in orders, which although is partly accepted with his position in society is slightly more than that, perhaps as a defence mechanism to stop people knowing too much about him in mind of protecting his status. The Withered Arm is told entirely in the third person, authorial voice. This is the most explicit and conventional way of telling a story, it distances the reader from the events and only when written very well can it engage the reader emotionally. The reader is treated as a distant, objective onlooker, remote from the action, and a lot is expected of them to understand the feelings of the characters instead of just reading them, which is why many people dont try. Each of his points is told so explicitly there is no point in looking into it. Only once does Hardy implicitly make a point, the simile about the actor, but he could have honestly meant it as a description with no hidden meaning. Although simple yet challenging to analyse, this approach all the way through the story conveys the message in a rather patronising, boring way. The Darkness Out There uses mixed narrative, a more sophisticated manner using both third and first person. The story starts through the mind of Sandra, where it is easier to read between the lines and believe the dominant first persons ideas. Many readers are taken in by what Sandra thinks and her opinions of Mrs Rutter, so that when later on in the story the authorial voice takes over it is more of a shock to find out how different she was. This helps the reader identify with the dominant character from the start, although some readers will automatically become wary when seeing the story is told in the first person, as their opinions may not be correct. When the reader gets more involved in the story from the characters point of view, their opinions change too. For example, all the description of Packers End is told through Sandras eyes so the readers impression of it would be that of Sandra. Kerry noticed Mrs Rutters traits earlier on in the story, so perhaps if The Darkness Out There was told entirely in the third person the reader would have noticed too but Sandras juvenile opinions overshadowed this. This is how many readers also get people wrong. As we enter Sandras mind and become her, we make the same mistakes as her. Some of the points made in The Darkness Out There could easily have been made explicitly by the third person, but they werent and this is what makes it a better read than The Withered Arm. It is a more challenging read if one wants to take the psychoanalytical approach to the characters and their actions, but overall by far the better story for getting the message across of you could get people wrong. This is because the reader himself learns from experience the mistakes Sandra makes. All early views of Mrs Rutter are by Sandra and Lively cleverly prevents the reader from noticing until Mrs Rutter is allowed to speak for herself, by which time it is too late, they have already been taken in. This is by far the better story for getting the message across as it involves the reader, whereas The Withered Arm keeps them at (a withered) arms length.

sergei rachmaninoff essays

sergei rachmaninoff essays Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff was born on April 1, 1873, at the family estate in Oneg, deep in the Nogorod countryside. His parents were Lubov Boutakov and Vasily Rachmaninoff. His father, Vasily, was an ex-officer in the Russian army. He had two elder sisters, Elena and Sophia, and an older brother named Vladimir. He had two younger siblings which joined the Rachmaninoff family, a girl named Varvara and a boy called Arkady. Varvara died when she was just a baby. Music was an important part of the Rachmaninoff family tradition. His father and his grandfaher had both played the piano. Alexander Siloti, Rachmaninoffs cousin, was already an acomplished pianist and was becoming popular by the time Rachmaninoff was born. Sergei was six years of age when he had his first piano lesson from Anna Ornatsky. She was from the St. Petersburn Conservatory. Rachmaninoff seemed to have a natural ability at the piano. Anna recommended that he receive a scholarship at the St. Petersburn Conservatory in 1881. He was but 9 years old when he began his formal lessons at the Conservatory. During the next few years he would skip his classes to play games and train hop, which would eventually result in failure at school. By this time, circumstances at home had left Lubov and the children with next to nothing because Vasily had pissed away all of the families earnings. With no money and the school threatening to expell her son from the St. Petersburg Conservatory, Lubov turned to her cousin Alexander Siloti. They made an arrangement that Sergei could continue to study at the Conservatory, at which point the family moved to Moscow. There Sergei became a student of Nikolai Zverev. Nikolai was known throughout the country as both a teacher and a diciplinarian. Hard daily schedules of long practice sessions soon helped Rachmaninoff settle down and become focused. Over a period of time the dicipline began to pay ...

Things Fall Apart Study Guide and Discussion Questions

'Things Fall Apart' Study Guide and Discussion Questions Things Fall Apart is a famous novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe. Its considered an important work in world literature, albeit a controversial one. The book has been banned in some places for its negative portrayal  of European colonialism. The book is split into three parts showing the reader the negative effects of colonization on the main characters tribe. It also shows how Christian missionaries work to convert the African population helped to forever alter their culture. The book was written in 1958 and became one of the first books from Africa to become world renowned. It is seen as an archetype for the modern African novel. This is a recommended book to read in a book club because of the depth of the work. Plot Summary Protagonist Okonkwo becomes a successful farmer and earns titles and respect in his community, even though his father, Unoka, was seen as lazy, making him a disrespected laughingstock. His father is a source of shame for Okonkwo, whos strived to be everything his father has not. Hes domineering over his family as a result, and his overarching desire to always seem manly leads to his downfall. He takes in a ward, given to him to care for as a peace offering to avoid war with the neighboring Mbaino community. An oracle says the boy must be killed, but Okonkwo is advised not to do it. He does it anyway. But its after the accidental killing of a leader in his community that he and his family are exiled for seven years. When they return, they find that much has changed in their community because of white missionaries coming to town. Theyve set up a prison, a European-style court of law, a church, school, and hospital. Okonkwo doesnt understand why the people havent revolted against these oppressors. Then, the benevolent Mr. Brown is replaced by a strict reverend who isnt interested in the peoples existing culture. Violence eventually ensues, and the local leaders are eventually taken down by the colonizers. Okonkwo cannot cope and ends his own life. Main Characters These are the main characters in the novel: Okonkwo: protagonist whose fatal flaw is his inability to adapt to change and his reverence for needing to appear tough and manlyIkemefuna: clever, resourceful boy, ward of Okonkwo, whom he kills to not appear weak; given to Okonkwo to avoid warNwoye: son of Okonkwo, who becomes a Christian, a sensitive boyEzinma: daughter of Okonkwo, bold, her fathers favorite; the only surviving child of EkwefiEkwefi: Okonkwos second wifeUnoka: Okonkwos father, whom Okonkwo strives to be the opposite of; Unoka is lazy and enjoys music and conversation; is gentle, cowardly, and not ambitious; thus, he doesnt have the respect of the townsfolk.Obierika: best friend of OkonkwoOgbuefi Ezeudu: the elder of UmuofiaMr. Brown: missionary to Umuofia and Mbanta; patient, kind, respectful, open-minded person who builds a school and hospital in Umofia and encourages people to become literate to keep up with the rest of the world; represents colonizationthe Rev. James Smith: missionary who contrasts with Mr. Bro wn in that Smith is strict and doesnt compromise; has no interest in the native peoples culture; also represents colonization Major Themes In addition to the themes of the effect of colonization on African society and how cultures clash, there are personal themes as well. Readers can also examine how peoples character leads to their outcomes, such as in the case of how adaptable they are to change or inflexible (character is destiny). An examination of the book can look at human emotions and find commonalities and universals (people are people). The destiny theme can also be examined on a societal level. Achebe illustrates the complexity of the Igbo society and how it functions- unlike the authoritarian encroachers- without a strong central government. Is it destiny for the people to have been conquered, then? You can also examine how the community and people interact to find balance and function as a society. Historical Impact Things Fall Apart has become one of the most important books in African literature, as it was among the first major works to bring the African perspective to a worldwide audience and launched the continents modern literature. It even made Western anthropologists realize theyd been getting the story wrong and led them to a reexamine their methods and scholarship on Africas history and peoples. Though controversial to write a novel in the colonizers language, the book was able to reach more people that way, and Achebe was able to work untranslatable Ibo words into the telling so that people would be able to understand them through context as they read, rather than have a translator not achieve adequate subtleties of meaning. The book awakened pride in history and community for people in Africa and led them to realize that they could tell their own stories and that they were valid. Discussion Questions What is important about the title: Things Fall Apart? Is there a reference in the novel that explains the title?What are the conflicts in Things Fall Apart? What types of conflict (physical, moral, intellectual, or emotional) are present?How does Chinua Achebe reveal character in Things Fall Apart?How do the storys themes relate to the plot and characters?What are some symbols in Things Fall Apart? How do they relate to the plot and characters?Are the characters consistent in their actions? Are they fully developed characters? Are some characters more fully developed than others? How? Why?Do you find the characters likable? Are the characters persons you would want to meet?What is the central/primary purpose of the story? Is the purpose important or meaningful?  Do you think the novel is meant to be political? What point was the author trying to make? Did he succeed?Why is the novel so controversial? Do you think the book should be censored or banned? Should it be taught in schools ? How essential is the setting to the story? Could the story have taken place anywhere else?What is the role of family and community in this novel? How does it change with the arrival of Europeans? How does it change when the missionaries arrive?Does the story end the way you expected? How? Why? What point do you think the author was making with the conclusion of the novel? Does your perspective change knowing there is a sequel?Would you recommend this novel to a friend?How is religion portrayed in this novel? Do you think the Christian missionaries had a positive or negative impact on the characters?Whats important about the time period the novel is set in?Why do you think the authors decision to write the novel in English  rather than his native language caused controversy?What point is the author trying to make about the African identity? What problems  does the author outline? Does he offer solutions?

Chinas Consumption And Its National And International Consequences Case Study

Chinas Consumption And Its National And International Consequences - Case Study Example The overconsumption of energy and resources by China is a threat to the world as well as the Chinese society itself in many ways. This paper highlights some of the ways in which overconsumption of resources has had detrimental effects on the Chinese society as well as the world at large. On one hand, coal happens to be a fundamental reason of the economic growth of China; on the other hand, the consumption of coal has caused immense damage to the environment of China and the people of China at large. Today, at least 70 per cent of the energy needs of China are being met by coal. In the year 2006m China consumed about 2.4 billion tons of coal that was more than the combined consumption of three big countries of the world including America, Britain, and Japan. In the year 2000, China’s coal consumption was anticipated to double by the year 2020. One reason for the huge consumption in China is its inefficiency that reflects from this statement of a Chinese official; â€Å"TO PRO DUCE GOODS WORTH $10,000 WE NEED SEVEN TIMES THE RESOURCES USED BY JAPAN, ALMOST SIX TIMES THE RESOURCES USED BY THE U.S. AND--A PARTICULAR SOURCE OF EMBARRASSMENT--ALMOST THREE TIMES THE RESOURCES USED BY INDIA† (Elizabeth para. 7). ... E EMISSIONS, FALLS ON ONE-QUARTER OF CHINA'S TERRITORY AND ON ONE-THIRD OF ITS AGRICULTURAL LAND, DIMINISHING AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AND ERODING BUILDINGS† (Elizabeth para. 8). Coal consumption in China is also a cause of water shortage. Coal mining and coal processing both require intensive use of water. Since most of the coal resources of China are found in its arid regions, the operations of coal mining in China often get into a competition with its agriculture and residents in their access to the water resources that have thus become scarce. â€Å"AS MINING ACTIVITIES OFTEN DRAW HEAVILY FROM GROUNDWATER SOURCES, THEY HAVE DEPLETED GROUNDWATER LEVELS IN MANY COAL DISTRICTS. THIS HAS DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS ON LOCAL FLORA AND FAUNA, ESPECIALLY DURING INCREASINGLY MORE FREQUENT PERIODS OF DROUGHT† (Tu and Johnson-Reiser 7). The water pool China has seriously dried and decayed as a result of the incompetent management of the resources. This has not only led to the loss of grain s but has also caused increase in the social disruption in different forms including protests and conflicts, thus thwarting contemporary China’s supreme socio-economic goal. Most of the programs of conservancy of water in China have failed. China has not only affected its own people and the countries all over the world with its massive consumption of coal, but is also responsible for the rise in food prices because of its high consumption needs of grains. â€Å"FOR THE PAST THREE YEARS, GLOBAL FOOD PRICES HAVE SOARED BY 80 PERCENT, AND THE MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS CHINA’S GROWING DEMAND FOR GRAIN TO FEED ITS LIVESTOCK AS A MAJOR REASON FOR THE CURRENT GLOBAL FOOD CRISIS† (Kim 232). The US and China account for 40 per cent of the emissions of greenhouse gas across the globe. Success or failure of the efforts

Reaction Paperon Overthrow by Stephen Kinzer Essay

Reaction Paperon Overthrow by Stephen Kinzer - Essay Example The second part involves overthrows that were because of covert actions. During this time, the world’s big countries were involved in a cold war. Kinzer argues that the reasons for the overthrows were mainly to assist anti-colonial elements in some of the affected countries, make changes in the democratic system, and to protect the U.S. security. However, the principal objectives of carrying out the overthrows were to establish U.S. business that acts as desired as stipulated. The U.S. also had in mind the ambition to expand and access needed resources necessary for the expansion. The need to obtain new markets and strengthen the U.S. economy at the expense of its competitors also contributed to this. In part one of the Overthrow, the U.S. carried out the overthrows with the purpose of protecting its citizens and companies operating in these affected countries. For example, the Nicaraguan president was overthrown because he compromised the American security and did not promote democratic principles. The then president of the U.S. ordered the Nicaraguan president to be overthrown with the idea of defending the right of American companies to operate as they wished in Nicaragua. The same case applied to Hawaii, the government was overthrown to help American companies get access to the sugar plantations. This was an opportunity to invest in those plantations for the benefit of the Americans. When the U.S. joined hands with the rebels in Cuba to fight the Spanish rule, they did not realize that the U.S. was doing this to help itself. Immediately after the government was overthrown, the U.S was given the right to maintain military bases in Cuba. The U.S. government gave Cubans permissi on to rule themselves as long it had to be consulted before Cuba made any decision. During this Imperial period, the U.S. government also overthrew the Puerto Rico government. Puerto Rico was under the Spanish rule and the U.S. was not happy about this. Kinzer urges

Female Genital Mutilation Essay -- History Human Rights Research Paper

Female Genital Mutilation Female Genital Mutilation is believed to have started in Egypt 2,000 years ago and spread from there. Only a few years ago, FGM was considered a cultural tradition, but now the United Nations has labeled it as a violation of human rights. Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, and the United States has declared Female Genital Mutilation grounds for seeking asylum and is a punishable offense (1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of us never heard of Female Genital Mutilation until the story of Kauziya Kasinga, a woman from West Africa. Her father did not believe in polygamy, forced marriage, or "female circumcision". He died when she was 17 and the father's sister inherited the home, banished the mother, ended Fauziya's schooling, and arranged a marriage as a fourth wife to a man she had never met. The aunt scheduled her for the circumcision and she ran with 3,000 dollars that one of her aunts had saved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is female circumcision? The female genital mutilation term covers three main varieties of genital mutilation (2). There is the "sunna circumcision"; this consists of removal of the prepuce and/or the tip of the clitoris. Ironically, sunna in Arabic means "tradition". This is done because it is believed that the clitoris is a very dangerous part of the female anatomy. In our culture, Freud stated in his book, Sexuality and the Psychology of Love, that the "elimination of clitoral sexuality is a necessary precondition for the development of femininity. In 1979, the "Love Surgery" was performed on women in the United Sates. Dr. James Burt, the "Love Surgeon", introduced "clitoral relocation" (sunna circumcision) to the medical field. He believed and acted upon the idea that excision does not prevent sexual pleasure, but enhances it. Dr. Burt practiced in Ohio for almost ten years before he was exposed after which he gave up his license.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clitoridectomy, also referred to as excision, removes the entire clitoris and the removal of the labia. Thirdly, there is a procedure called an infibulation. This is the most extreme form of circumcision, it consists of the removal of the clitoris, the labia, and the joining of the scraped sides of the vulva across the vagina, where they are secured with thorns or sewn with thread. A small opening is kept to allow passage of urine and menstrual blood. A woman with this type of circumcision must be cut ... ...is "absolutely certain that if similar tortures were inflicted on boy children the whole world would rise up to stop it by all means". Works Cited 1. Atrocities Against Women: Female Genital Mutilation. Mason, Marcia L. Sept. 1995. HTTP://WWW.WORLDCITIZEN.ORG/ISSUES 2. FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION: AN INTRODUCTION. National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers FGM Awareness and Education Project. Box 2512 San Anselmo, CA 94979 3. Female Genital Mutilation. http://www.hollyfeld.org 4. Female Genital Mutilation. http://www.hollyfeld.org 5. Associated Press Article, Feb 1998, web site found at http://www.feminist.org/news/newsbyte/february98/0218.html 6. Female Mutilation in Africa, Middle East and Far East; anon. http://www.religioustolerance.org/fem_cirm.htm 7. ABU-SAHLIEH Sami, "To Mutilate in the Name of Jehovah or Allah: Legitimization of Male and Female Circumcision: available online at Http://wwwhollyfeld.org 8. Nawal El-Saadawi, "The Hidden Face of Eve, Women in the Arab World," translated and edited by Sherif Hettata, Zed Press, London, 1980, pg.33 9. The Women's Watch, Spring 1996 Vol. 22 No. 2, pg.44-49. Fran Hosken, Editor.

How British Rule was bad for India Essay

One way in which British Rule did not help India was that they had a detrimental effect on Indian Trade. India at the time was a key producer of cotton but when the British came into power they also brought cheaper cotton from Britain. This meant that many cotton factories were being forced out of business by cheaper cotton abroad. In a sense the British were deindustrialising India. If British Rule was really good for India, it would have tried to develop the country in important areas as such as its trade. However, this is not what Britain did but they hindered the trade. A particular fact proves this point very well. At the beginning of British rule, India exported 1 million yards of cotton from Britain. 3 decades later this figure rose to 450 million yards of cotton. This shows that Britain was destroying India’s trade. Another way in which British Rule was bad for India was that the British focused too much on the military. Britain’s utmost concern was for the safety of the British traders in India and therefore put a lot of India’s resources into developing the military to protect them. However, as the Western world was industrialising, India was being left behind. This is because they weren’t having any scientific breakthroughs or any ground-breaking inventions and this was due to the lack of education. Britain wasted too much of India’s resources and money on the military and not enough was put into reforming the education system. This is shown by the fact that 32% of government spending was on developing the military but that only 1% was dedicated to improving education. Today I have talked to British Rule was bad for India because Britain deindustrialised India and Britain focused too much on the military.

Racial Equality Economics Vs Education - 876 Words

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